首先下载题目文件，使用 binwalk 解压出固件内的文件
[Rx][•ᴗ•] >>> binwalk -e ./51475f91-7b90-41dd-81a3-8b82df4f29d0.bin
DECIMAL HEXADECIMAL DESCRIPTION
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0 0x0 TP-Link firmware header, firmware version: 1.-20432.3, image version: "", product ID: 0x0, product version: 155254791, kernel load address: 0x0, kernel entry point: 0x80002000, kernel offset: 4063744, kernel length: 512, rootfs offset: 772784, rootfs length: 1048576, bootloader offset: 2883584, bootloader length: 0
69424 0x10F30 Certificate in DER format (x509 v3), header length: 4, sequence length: 64
94080 0x16F80 U-Boot version string, "U-Boot 1.1.4 (Aug 26 2013 - 09:07:51)"
94256 0x17030 CRC32 polynomial table, big endian
131584 0x20200 TP-Link firmware header, firmware version: 0.0.3, image version: "", product ID: 0x0, product version: 155254791, kernel load address: 0x0, kernel entry point: 0x80002000, kernel offset: 3932160, kernel length: 512, rootfs offset: 772784, rootfs length: 1048576, bootloader offset: 2883584, bootloader length: 0
132096 0x20400 LZMA compressed data, properties: 0x5D, dictionary size: 33554432 bytes, uncompressed size: 2203728 bytes
1180160 0x120200 Squashfs filesystem, little endian, version 4.0, compression:lzma, size: 2774624 bytes, 519 inodes, blocksize: 131072 bytes, created: 2015-04-13 09:35:04
在解压出来的文件中包含了 kernel 镜像以及一个 squashfs 文件系统镜像。
使用 firmware-mod-kit 工具包内的 unsquashfs_all.sh 解压文件系统镜像，这个包在仓库 blackarch 中，直接安装包名即可。unsquashfs_all.sh 的位置在 /usr/share/firmware-mod-kit/unsquashfs_all.sh
[Rx][•ᴗ•] >>> /usr/share/firmware-mod-kit/unsquashfs_all.sh ./120200.squashfs
Exception ignored in: <_io.TextIOWrapper name='<stdout>' mode='w' encoding='utf-8'>
BrokenPipeError: [Errno 32] Broken pipe
Attempting to extract SquashFS 4.X file system...
Skipping squashfs-2.1-r2 (wrong version)...
Skipping squashfs-3.0 (wrong version)...
Skipping squashfs-3.0-lzma-damn-small-variant (wrong version)...
Skipping others/squashfs-2.0-nb4 (wrong version)...
Skipping others/squashfs-2.2-r2-7z (wrong version)...
Skipping others/squashfs-3.0-e2100 (wrong version)...
Skipping others/squashfs-3.2-r2 (wrong version)...
Skipping others/squashfs-3.2-r2-lzma (wrong version)...
Skipping others/squashfs-3.2-r2-lzma/squashfs3.2-r2/squashfs-tools (wrong version)...
Skipping others/squashfs-3.2-r2-hg612-lzma (wrong version)...
Skipping others/squashfs-3.2-r2-wnr1000 (wrong version)...
Skipping others/squashfs-3.2-r2-rtn12 (wrong version)...
Skipping others/squashfs-3.3 (wrong version)...
Skipping others/squashfs-3.3-lzma/squashfs3.3/squashfs-tools (wrong version)...
Skipping others/squashfs-3.3-grml-lzma/squashfs3.3/squashfs-tools (wrong version)...
Skipping others/squashfs-3.4-cisco (wrong version)...
Skipping others/squashfs-3.4-nb4 (wrong version)...
Trying ./src/others/squashfs-4.2-official/unsquashfs... Parallel unsquashfs: Using 12 processors
Trying ./src/others/squashfs-4.2/unsquashfs... Parallel unsquashfs: Using 12 processors
Trying ./src/others/squashfs-4.0-lzma/unsquashfs-lzma... Parallel unsquashfs: Using 12 processors
480 inodes (523 blocks) to write
[=======================================================================| ] 454/523 86%
created 341 files
created 39 directories
created 70 symlinks
created 0 devices
created 0 fifos
File system sucessfully extracted!
MKFS="./src/others/squashfs-4.0-lzma/mksquashfs-lzma"
解压出来的文件夹中 tmp 目录下有一个叫做 backdoor 的后门二进制文件，查壳发现被 upx 压缩过，upx -d 解压之，然后拖进 IDA
成了。